Researchers dealing with laser application at the RIKEN Community for Cutting Edge Photonics (RAP) have shown that GHz burst mode femtosecond laser heartbeats can make interesting two-layered (2D) laser-incited intermittent surface designs (LIPSS) on silicon substrates. Previously, a group led by scientists from the High Level Laser Handling Exploration Group detailed that GHz burst mode femtosecond laser beats, which consist of a series of trains of ultrashort laser beats with a heartbeat time frame of hundred picoseconds (ps), significantly improve removal proficiency and quality when compared to ordinary femtosecond laser handling (single-beat mode). Distributed in the International Journal of Extraordinary















